…urges resumption of verification of SOPs

WITH the Counting Centre overrun by irate party leaders in the presence of media, observers and diplomats and apparently in the absence of any Elections Commissioners, except the closely-guarded and isolated Chairperson, Guyana’s electoral process slid progressively into chaos on Thursday, the Guyana Human Rights Association has said.
In a statement, the body said the contentious counting system employed by GECOM – the focus of much tension and delay in previous elections – once again ignited an electoral atmosphere already charged by the high-stakes reward of oil revenues. “The verification procedure of votes cast for each party is undertaken on the basis of information contained in the Statement of Poll (SOP) for each station. Verification is undertaken by Region.

On Thursday, this process had been completed for all Regions in this manner with Region 4 being the final one.  After starting the Region 4 process in the recommended manner, information from a GECOM spread-sheet rather than the SOP began to be introduced,” GHRA notes.

Opposition scrutineers challenged the spread-sheet figures for a number of stations as being at odds with the SOP figures, in all cases by allocating higher numbers to APNU+AFC than the SOP figures. An intervention by the Chief Elections Officer, Mr. Lowenfield,  found this to be true in 6 out of 8 boxes that he scrutinised. The GHRA said several meetings were held and Lowenfield then ordered the spread-sheet be set aside and the SOP be re-instituted.

International observers also supported this decision.
However, this decision was resisted. Confusion over the status of Region 4 count intensified. Fearing that election results would be pre-empted regardless of Mr. Lowenfield’s decision, opposition party lawyers filed a legal injunction to prevent announcement by GECOM of Region 4 results. However, in circumstances that are far from clear APNU+AFC claims the Region 4 verification number was announced by GECOM.

In light of obligations to voters, and in the interests of legality and transparency, the Guyana Human Rights Association (GHRA) calls upon GECOM to complete the count in Region 4 on the basis of the Statements of Poll (SOP) as mandated by the GECOM CEO.  The results should then be announced according to established procedures and accepted by all political parties and all citizens, regardless of who may be winners or losers. Furthermore, there should be no swearing-in of anyone until the Region 4 count is completed. The GHRA takes this opportunity to congratulate the Guyanese population for the patience demonstrated yet again given this dysfunctional electoral system.  The GHRA will issue additional comments when the electoral process is complete.

Source: https://issuu.com/guyanachroniclee-paper/docs/guyana_chronicle_e-paper_3-7-2020

SECTIONS of The Representation of the People Act are clear on what should take place regarding the counting of votes polled at General and Regional Elections and Guyanese must understand for themselves the guidelines to the procedure.

Section 84 (1) states that when the Returning Officer (RO) is in receipt of all necessary ballot boxes, envelopes and packets, it is the RO that must “ascertain the total votes cast in favour of each list” in the district by adding up the Statements of Polls (SOPs).

According to Section 86 (1), the RO must do this in the presence of any such other elections officers as he may appoint to assist him in the counting; members of the Commission; duly appointed candidates; counting agents and such other persons, in the RO’s opinion, which have reason to be present.

Following the counting of the SOPs, the RO must publicly declare the votes recorded for each list of candidates. Should an error be discovered on an SOP by the RO within the district, the Presiding Officer (PO) shall be informed and stipulations are given on how the said error should be corrected. Apart from this, it is only after the declaration of results in particular district by the RO that a request for a recount can be made.

Section 84 (2) states: “Where before twelve noon of the day following the declaration under subsection (1) any counting agent for the local authority area does not request the Returning Officer to conduct a final count of the votes counted by the presiding officers in the local authority area under section 93, the declaration of the votes obtained by the lists for both components of the election under subsection (1) shall be final; but where any counting agent for the local authority area seeks a final count of the votes already counted by the presiding officer in the local authority area under section 93, the Returning Officer shall count such votes in accordance with the provisions contained in the following subsection and on the basis of such recount confirm or vary the declaration of the votes recorded in the local authority area or constituencies, as the case may be, for each list of candidates under 23 subsection (1).”

According to Section 84 (3) the counting agent who requests a final count must indicate whether he requests a general or limited count and, should the latter be requested the RO for the district “shall conduct the count as requested”. Section 84 (4) states that the RO shall only review only the decisions of the PO regarding questioned and rejected ballot papers in polling places specified in the request for the final count.

“Where a limited final count is conducted, the Returning Officer shall review only the decisions of the presiding officers as regards questioned and rejected ballot papers
at the polling places specified in the request for the final count, and in such a case all ballot
papers marked “Q” by the presiding officers of those polling places and all ballot papers
rejected by then shall be examined by the Returning Officer,” Section 84 (5) indicates.
In a request for a general recount, the RO must review all used ballot papers, including rejected ballot papers, received from all polling places, and where he agrees with the decision of the PO mark the ballots as “confirmed”; where he disagrees mark as “varied” and where the “Q” and where duly appointed candidate or any counting agents in the district disagree with the RO’s judgement. All ballots marked by the RO must have his initials. There are also clear stipulations on how the counting should take place.

Upon conclusion of the final count, Chapter 89 (1) states that the votes, in the presence of such persons entitled in section 86 (1), should be sealed, the counted and rejected ballots in separate packets; verify the ballot accounts given by each PO; reseal the packets of unused and spoiled ballots; prepare a written statement as to the result of the verification and allow for it to be publicly declared and deliver the same to the Chief Elections Officer.

Section 96 (1) states that the CEO, upon calculating the total number of valid votes-based on votes counted and the information provided by ROs, shall ascertain the result of the election in accordance to the allocation of seats outlined in Section 97 and the membership of the national assembly outlined in section 98. A report should then be prepared no later than 15 days after the elections and publicly declare the results and cause the same to be published in the Gazette.

Source: https://issuu.com/guyanachroniclee-paper/docs/guyana_chronicle_e-paper_3-7-2020

Dear Editor,
THE Ethnic Relations Commission (ERC), wishes to state that the holding of free, fair and transparent elections is a vital tenet of democracy and for the promotion of unity, harmony and good relations. The credibility of the elections is therefore paramount.

The Commission, having observed the voting process in some Polling Stations in five Administrative Regions found it to be free, fair, transparent and conducted in an atmosphere of peace. However, the declaration of results for Region 4, after an incomplete verification process, has now cast doubts over the credibility of the March 02 General and Regional Elections. Having delivered a credible voting process, the Guyana Elections Commission (GECOM) is urged, in the best interest of peace and harmony, to safeguard the integrity of the elections by ensuring that the verification and tabulation process, as reflected in The Representation of the People Act, is followed.

Transparency of this process becomes foremost. The historical lessons and the inevitable consequences over elections, must guide during this sensitive period. All stakeholders, therefore, have a responsibility to work assiduously to ensure that the prevailing tension does not escalate. The Commission also urges political Leaders to work in the best interest of the country by endeavouring to diffuse tension, and not to encourage behaviour that is counterproductive to peace and unity.

The need for responsible utterances and actions by all is reiterated, as peace and unity are in our hands. The Commission will continue to work to the best of its ability to aid the promotion of harmony and good relations, especially during this period. All are, therefore, urged to meaningfully do his/her part.

Regards,
Ethnic Relations Commission

Source: https://issuu.com/guyanachroniclee-paper/docs/guyana_chronicle_e-paper_3-7-2020

Dear Editor,
ON Thursday Mr. Clairmont Mingo, the Returning officer of Election District 4 (Demerara-Mahaica) declared the much- anticipated election results for his District.

The results established that the incumbent APNU+AFC coalition won the March 2, 2020 general elections. Earlier in the day, the Opposition PPP released a document with purported results showing a PPP victory, bearing inflated votes for that party in polling stations within Region District 4. Upon closer examination, the document was dated February 29, 2020, an indication that it was generated in some form two days before the March 2, 2020 elections. When citizens began questioning the date of the document on social media, it was pulled and the date changed to March 5, 2020 and republished.

The declaration had been previously disrupted multiple times by a mob of PPP executives and other known street thugs, who, armed with guns, under the cover of darkness stormed the Guyana Elections Commission (GECOM) District 4 office demanding access to GECOM’s computer equipment. Later in the day, said individuals kicked down the door to the Chairman of the Guyana Election Commission (GECOM), Justice Claudette Singh. The presence of those individuals violated the Laws of Guyana Chapter 1:03 (91). CGID is appalled that the Guyana Police Force allowed this invasion of GECOM’s office to occur. Overseas observers have failed to condemn this hooliganism and lawlessness from the PPP. Some observers, including James Carter III from the Carter Center, appear to be collaborating and coordinating with the PPP.

In response to the District 4 declaration, Mr. Owen Arthur, former Prime Minister of Barbados, who is Chairman of the Commonwealth Observer Mission, falsely stated that “The tabulation of the final election results has not yet been completed and verified according to the established procedures and relevant legal and statutory provisions.” Mr. Arthur is obviously uninformed of the laws of Guyana and the constitutional powers of GECOM. This statement is consistent with PPP talking point.  CGID questions Mr. Arthur’s objectivity. He is a longtime associate of Bharrat Jagdeo, who should never have been accredited by the Commonwealth.

Mr. Arthur and his team cannot dictate to GECOM, or interfere with its work. He and his team are departing from an observer mission to intruding and interfering in Guyana’s electoral process in favour of the PPP. Guyana’s elections laws mandate a specific procedure for challenging actions and declarations of GECOM. That process does not entail complaints to and coercive missives from observers. It requires the filing of an elections petition in the court.

CGID notes that in 1997, the PPP government used the exact process to declare the elections results. In that election, then PPP hacks at GECOM secretly declared and certified the PPP winner, and secretly swore in Mrs. Janet Jagan as President. When a marshal of the Supreme Court attempted to serve Mrs. Jagan with an injunction from then Chief Justice Desiree Bernard, Mrs. Jagan threw the court order to the ground and proceeded to be sworn in. PPP leaders, including Bharrat Jagdeo, argued then that the courts cannot interfere with GECOM and its processes.

CGID therefore asks if GECOM in 1997 could have declared results in favour of the PPP without a specific public verification procedure, what prevents GECOM from doing so in 2020? If the courts had no power to interfere in GECOM processes in 1997, why is the PPP seeking the intervention of the court in GECOM’s processes in 2020.
Regards,
Caribbean Guyana Institute for Democracy (CGID)

Source: https://issuu.com/guyanachroniclee-paper/docs/guyana_chronicle_e-paper_3-7-2020

— says electoral process still ongoing

IN light of civil unrest in parts of the country, International Observer Mission, the Carter Center, which is observing the ongoing General and Regional Elections, has called for Guyanese to be calm and exercise patience as they await the “official” completion of the electoral process.

The civil unrest followed the declaration of results for Region Four (Demerara-Mahaica), on Thursday, by the region’s Returning Officer (RO), Clairmont Mingo. According to those results, the incumbent A Partnership for National Unity and Alliance For Chance (APNU+AFC) Coalition received 136,458 votes and the PPP/C received 77,329 votes.

The Carter Center believes that the process is not over and there is still an opportunity for the Guyana Elections Commission (GECOM) to re-establish and salvage the process, and have a credible election.

Among the actions, which the mission believes could be taken by GECOM, is a recount of the ballots for Region Four – similar to the ones ongoing in Regions Five (Mahaica-Berbice) and Six (East Berbice-Corentyne). Additionally, other activities and tabulation can be done in the presence of party agents and observers.
Following the declaration of the results for Region Four, the People’s Progressive Party/Civic (PPP/C) and five other contesting parties said it will request a recount of the ballots in this region.

“Be patient as we await the finalisation of the process… people need to know that the process is not over and is still ongoing…we ask for peace, calm and patience on the part of the Guyanese people,” said Co-Chair of the Carter Center, Jason Carter, during a press briefing at the Pegasus Hotel, on Friday.

While the process is yet to be completed, Carter believes that GECOM needs to be clear and speak out about what exactly is going on. He said the country went a whole day without hearing from GECOM about the status of the outstanding issues.
“Speak out and let people know what is going on, report on the status for the district four recount and say when we will see additional results with respect to Region Four,” said Carter, adding that if there is no information from GECOM, there will be rumours and misinformation in the public.

He said the center sought updates from GECOM, but there were only informal communications throughout the day, on Friday. According to Carter, there was no “observable activity” at the office of the Returning Officer for Region Four on Friday.
Although the Carter Center is encouraging GECOM to continue the process, Carter made it clear that the mission and other observers do not stand with any political party. The center stands for a fair, transparent and credible election process.

The Carter Center had observed elections when the PPP/C was elected in the past, and it also observed the 2015 elections when the incumbent APNU+AFC Coalition was elected to office. And, each time the presence of party agents, the ability to scrutinise the tabulation process and the ability to have a transparent process gave the center faith in the elections.
As it is now, the center said his mission does not know who won the elections and they do not know if the numbers, which were declared on Thursday, are accurate. GECOM is the only authority that can provide those results.

There have been reports about the Carter Center and other observer missions “overstepping its bounds,” but according to Carter, there is a code of conduct with respect to international election observation and a set of “strict standards” that the center is using and abiding by.

CHAOTIC AND INAPPROPRIATE
While on the topic of standards and conduct, Carter said the center, on Thursday, observed that the environment at Mingo’s office was chaotic and inappropriate at times.

“We are disheartened by the partisan activities that occurred with respect to the chair and on the third floor of the GECOM offices. The verification process, while it was ongoing, was conducted in an orderly and calm way and we saw partisan activities occur after the declaration of results that we have been discussing,” he lamented.
Although there were issues, Carter said the vast majority of the electoral process was smooth, transparent and it was one which the center would have faith in, if they could get the tabulation of results in Region Four.

Source: https://issuu.com/guyanachroniclee-paper/docs/guyana_chronicle_e-paper_3-7-2020

THE Heads of Mission of the Embassy of the United States of America, H.E. Sarah-Ann Lynch; the British High Commission, H.E. Greg Quinn; the Canadian High Commission, H.E. Lilian Chatterjee; and the Delegation of the European Union, H.E Fernando Ponz-Canto, have expressed deep concern over what it described as credible allegations of electoral fraud which may influence the results of this election.

The diplomats did not provide proof of their claims, but have called on all to ensure proper procedures are in place to yield a credible election result. The diplomats said a fair and free process is vital for the maintenance and reinforcement of democracy in Guyana. “We call on President Granger to avoid a transition of government which we believe would be unconstitutional as it would be based on a vote tabulation process that lacked credibility and transparency,” the diplomats said.

United Nations resident Coordinator, Mikiko Tanaka, in a statement, said the UN was following with concern, the latest developments in Guyana. “We take note of the statements issued by international observers and ambassadors accredited in Georgetown raising concerns regarding lack of compliance with national legal procedures and the need to resume the tabulation of results for Region Four,” the UN official said. “We encourage the relevant Guyanese authorities to finalise the process in a manner which leaves no doubts as to the credibility of the results that reflect the will of the Guyanese people. The United Nations calls upon all sides to act with calm, patience and in full respect of human rights, the rule of law and Guyana’s constitutional order.”

Meanwhile, the CARICOM Observation Mission, in a statement, said it accepts that the tabulation process which commenced on Wednesday March 4, 2020 using the statements of poll and which was in accord with the legislative provisions of Section 84 of the Representation of the People Act Cap 1.03 Revised Edition of the Laws of Guyana, was interrupted and remains incomplete. Furthermore, it is evident that the transparent tabulation of results for Region Four must be resumed under the independent control of the Returning Officer, as these scores are necessary and critical, in order to determine the outcome of the national poll.

“Like in other regions in Guyana, it is imperative that the Returning Officer be allowed to carry out his functions independent of any influence or directive from the GECOM Secretariat. Until this occurs, the outcome of the elections of March 2, 2020, cannot be reliably proclaimed. In this regard, the mission supports the Joint Statement issued on March 6, 2020, by International Observer Missions from the Commonwealth, the Organization of American States, the European Union and The Carter Center and urges GECOM to proceed with the establishment of the results for Region Four, in accordance with the law. The mission appeals to the political parties and the people of the Cooperative Republic of Guyana to co-operate with the process, by honoring the subscribed codes of conduct.”

Source: https://issuu.com/guyanachroniclee-paper/docs/guyana_chronicle_e-paper_3-7-2020

THE APNU+AFC Coalition has urged all Guyanese to respect the will of the people as exercised in the General and Regional Elections of Monday March 2, 2020.

Further, the APNU+AFC Coalition calls on all Guyanese to conduct themselves in a peaceful and law-abiding manner as they go about their daily activities. The coalition’s call comes amid violent protests on the East Coast Demerara and on the West Berbice by supporters of the People’s Progressive Party. Party supporters openly brandished weapons; stoned David ‘G’ school buses resulting in injuries to students and also blocked the roadways with fiery barricades.

However, the APNU+AFC has implored citizens to remain calm and not to engage in any act whatsoever to disrupt national life or cause any strife or inconvenience. “APNU+AFC Coalition commends the hundreds of thousands of Guyanese who exercised their right to vote on Monday and who have remained calm and peaceful as we all await the final declaration of results by the Guyana Elections Commission,” the statement ended.

Source: https://issuu.com/guyanachroniclee-paper/docs/guyana_chronicle_e-paper_3-7-2020

…calls on observers to condemn acts

MEMBERS of the African Guyanese community are appalled by the invasion of GECOM’s Media and Tabulation Centre by the leaders of the People’s Progressive Party on Thursday, the International Decade for People of African Descent Assembly – Guyana (IDPADA-G) said on Friday.

“Their efforts to intimidate the staff have led to the heightening of tension in our society today. While international observers have dutifully lodged their complaints about the verification of polls, we call on them to be equally attentive to the violation of the sanctity of GECOM by the Opposition and the reckless behaviour that has now led PPP followers to similar actions in the villages and on public roads,” the body stated.

According to IDPADA-G David G school buses have been stopped and attacked resulting in injury to school children, stranding African Guyanese school children who are afraid to pass through villages where Indian Guyanese are blocking the pubic roadway. Additionally, the body said a police officer has been attacked and injured on the West Coast Berbice. Sugar cane fields have been set on fire in East Berbice.

“We call on the International Observers to take note of and denounce this unacceptable conduct; and further to urge the Opposition to be mindful of its language to avoid escalating tension across the country, particularly in villages. We further draw their attention to the fact that African Guyanese citizens have remained calm in the face of provocation and we are disappointed that the international community has not spoken out to protect those who are being abused both at GECOM and across the country.”

Source: https://issuu.com/guyanachroniclee-paper/docs/guyana_chronicle_e-paper_3-7-2020

The March 2, 2020 Regional and General Elections will go down in our history books as one of the most widely-reported and hotly contested. On March 2, electors took to the polls in what was described as free and fair elections by locals, officials and international observers. The day went off without any notable incidents taking place, but as polling stations closed their doors at 6pm sharp, things started to take a turn off track.

Since then, there have been numerous controversies concerning attempts to circumvent the democratic process. The perpetrators are numerous, and include ordinary citizens, officials, political parties and even Russian spies. On Monday, twelve men were arrested in Alberttown, Georgetown, and it is alleged that they were attempting to remove Statements of Poll from the polling station. It was also alleged that they were aligned with the Opposition People’s Progressive Party/Civic and were seen at numerous polling stations throughout the city, accompanying other officials of said Party. There were also allegations of voter-fraud taking place due to fake ID cards being handed out. Tuesday was relatively quiet, as we learned the results of the elections from Regions throughout the country.

Wednesday saw the hospitalisation of the Returning Officer of Region 4, Clairmont Mingo, who reportedly fell ill during the tabulation of results. This incident became highly politicized, and led to the proliferation of wild conspiracy theories and allegations of election rigging taking place. Since then, the Guyana Elections Commission (GECOM) has struggled to maintain control over the process. On Thursday, GECOM announced the long-awaited Region 4 results, however, there are claims that these results lack credibility and transparency, as they were not tabulated in the same way as the other Regions’ results were tabulated and declared.

Thursday saw a disintegration of order within GECOM’s house. Members of the public gathered outside the building, as party after party attended the office, raising numerous concerns regarding the process. Matters came to a head as it was reported that Justice (retired) Claudette Singh, Chairperson of GECOM was barricaded inside her office amid troupes of persons attempting to forcibly gain access to her. The building was eventually cleared and the situation deescalated by the Guyana Police Force.

This week has laid bare many of numerous institutional and societal issues Guyana continues to grapple with as a developing nation. Although the week started out full of promise, we are now firmly within the realm of discontent. However, we must continue to move forward as one people, and one nation amid the uncertainty.

Therefore, citizens are urged to remain peaceful, employ good sense, and continue to be unified. Whatever the outcome of these elections, we must all continue to live and work with each other for the betterment of this nation. Although many would argue that Guyana is a polarised and racially- divided country, more would argue that we are moving beyond that. The process of social cohesion is not one that takes place overnight; it is one that takes generations to accomplish through sustained commitment to creating a happy, content and unified people. Guyanese must not allow politics to widen or entrench feelings of division or discord.

Secondly, we must respect the rule of law. Society does not function if we do not respect the rule of law. No one is above the rule of law, and it is this fundamental, collective agreement that keeps our society moving forward. In this vein, GECOM must be allowed to undertake their work without undue interruption or influence from citizens, officials, parties, observers, the press or any other entity purporting to observe, interfere or obstruct their processes. Finally, let us remember that this beautiful land of Guyana is ours to make of it what we will. The decisions that we make today will continue to impact us beyond tomorrow, so let us make wise decisions borne out of love for one another, a commitment to the betterment and development of this nation, and to her peoples. Let us continue to move forward, respectfully of each other and without malice or hatred. Let peace, unity and good sense guide us forward.

Source: https://issuu.com/guyanachroniclee-paper/docs/guyana_chronicle_e-paper_3-7-2020

Dear Editor,

THE United Republican Party (URP) Leader, Dr. Vishnu Bandhu is calling on the two major political parties to put away the decades-long ‘winner-take-all’ political tradition, and establish a National-Front Government where Shared Governance will be the order of the day.
Racial strife has destroyed our country, as it continues to destroy the world. How long must we continue to allow our citizens to become caught in the tangle of racial segregation and political greed.

Reflecting on the two major parties’ commentary about the results coming out of the recount, it is obvious that Justice (Retired) Claudette Singh, Chairperson of the Guyana Elections Commission (GECOM) will have an angry Commission to preside over when both sides meet to discuss the various narratives we have been hearing in the media up to this stage of the recount, with 2172 ballot boxes out of the total 2339 completed, which leaves 167 boxes to be recounted, this being approximately 80 per cent of the ballots cast at March 2, 2020, General and Regional Elections.
A Partnership for National Unity + Alliance for Change (APNU+AFC) has been raising several anomalies in the various workstations, and has charged that the March 2 elections were not credible.
The APNU+AFC has been raising concerns of deceased and migrated persons voting, and missing statutory documents in ballot boxes in the March 2 general and regional elections, in areas known to traditionally support the People Progressive Party/Civic (PPP/C).
The PPP/C, on the other hand, is maintaining that the Guyana Elections Commission (GECOM) has “no jurisdiction” to investigate the allegations of “electoral fraud” being leveled by the APNU/AFC Coalition; that this should be done via an election petition after the results of the election has been declared.

Dr. Bandhu is reminding both the APNU+AFC and PPP/C leaders that they were both in agreement that they will accept the results of the recount.

Both of the major parties also said at the end of balloting on March 2, that the elections were free, credible and transparent. Now, as anomalies are unearthed on both sides, it is being said that the elections are null and void.

The Presidential Candidates of the two major parties, Brigadier (Retired) David Granger and Dr. Mohamed Irfaan Ali should surprise Guyana by appearing together at a press conference, with hands joined in victory, not for any political party, but to show a victory

for all citizens of Guyana.

All the other parties that contested the March 2 election should join them in an act of solidarity for a safe and modern Guyana.

According to the Leader of the URP, all political leaders must exercise political maturity, and stop thinking about self and political alliance, and begin to think about the country. Unless an alliance that bridges the racial divide in our country is fostered, our people will continue to feel marginalized. If one of the smaller parties that contested the General and Regional Elections got only a single vote, it means that they have a constituent they are representing, therefore we must not allow sections of the electorate who have voted to go unrepresented because the party they voted for did not get a seat in parliament. Our constitution needs reform, it needs to have policies to ensure that every constituent is catered for. Our reformed constitution must also focus on the element of segregation and division that has destroyed the fabric of our culture, which is a hate crime. Hate crimes must be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law and persons guilty of such crime must be subjected to jail time.

Electoral reform must also be at the core of the reform process and all political parties which contested the March 2, 2020 elections must be a part of the reform process.
I am calling on the ABCE countries to stop speaking about sanctions against our country, and begin to speak of Shared Governance and a National-Front Alliance situation. Let us all begin a movement that will heal our country of the vicious act of self-aggrandisement.

Regards,

Dr. Vishnu Bandhu
Leader of the United Republican Party (URP)

Source: https://issuu.com/guyanachroniclee-paper/docs/guyana_chronicle_e-paper_06-07-2020